Safety-Related Work Practices:Aritcle 100,105,110,120,130
ARTICLE 100 Definitions Scope. This article contains only those definitions essential to the proper application of this standard. It is not intended to include commonly defined general terms or commonly defined technical terms from related codes and standards. In general, only those terms that are used in two or more articles are defined in Article 100. Other definitions are included in the article in which they are used but may be referenced in Article 100. The definitions in this article shall apply wherever the terms are used throughout this standard.
I. General Accessible (as applied to equipment). Admitting close approach; not guarded by locked doors, elevation, or other effective means. [70, 2011] Accessible (as applied to wiring methods). Capable of being removed or exposed without damaging the building structure or finish or not permanently closed in by the structure or finish of the building. [70, 2011] Accessible, Readily (Readily Accessible). Capable of being reached quickly for operation, renewal, or inspections without requiring those to whom ready access is requisite to climb over or remove obstacles or to resort to portable ladders, and so forth. [70,2011] Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. Arc Flash Hazard. A dangerous condition associated with the possible release of energy caused by an electric arc.
Informational Note No. 1: An arc flash hazard may exist when energized electrical conductors or circuit parts are exposed or when they are within equipment in a guarded or enclosed condition, provided a person is interacting with the equipment in such a manner that could cause an electric arc. Under normal operating conditions, enclosed energized equipment that has been properly installed and maintained is not likely to pose an arc flash hazard.
Informational Note No. 2: See Table 130.7(C)(15)(a) and Table 130.7(C)(15)(b) for examples of activities that could pose an arc flash hazard. Arc Flash Hazard Analysis. A study investigating a worker’s potential exposure to arc flash energy, conducted for the purpose of injury prevention and the determination of safe work practices, arc flash boundary, and the appropriate levels of personal protective equipment (PPE).
Arc Flash Suit; A complete arc-rated clothing and equipment system that covers the entire body, except for the hands and feet. Informational Note: An arc flash suit may include pants or overalls, a jacket or a coverall, and a beekeeper-type hood fitted with a face shield.
Arc Rating; The value attributed to materials that describes their performance to exposure to an electrical arc discharge. The arc rating is expressed in cal/cm2 and is derived from the determined value of the arc thermal performance value (ATPV) or energy of breakopen threshold (EBT) (should a material system exhibit a breakopen response below the ATPV value). Arc rating is reported as either ATPV or EBT, whichever is the lower value.
Informational Note No. 1: Arc-rated clothing or equipment indicates that it has been tested for exposure to an electric arc. Flame-Resistant (FR) clothing without an arc rating has not been tested for exposure to an electric arc.
Informational Note No. 2: Breakopen is a material response evidenced by the formation of one or more holes in the innermost layer of arc-ratedmaterial that would allow flame to pass through the material.
Informational Note No. 3: ATPV is defined in ASTM F 1959-06 as the incident energy on a material or a multi-layer system of materials that results in a 50 percent probability that sufficient heat transfer through the tested specimen is predicted to cause the onset of a second degree skin burn injury based on the Stoll curve, cal/cm2.
Informational Note No. 4: EBT is defined in ASTM F 1959-06 as the incident energy on a material or a material system that results in a 50 percent probability of breakopen. Breakopen is defined as a hole with an area of 1.6 cm2 (0.5 in2) or an opening of 2.5 cm (1.0 in.) in any dimension. Attachment Plug (Plug Cap) (Plug). A device that, by insertion in a receptacle, establishes a connection between the conductors of the attached flexible cord and the conductors connected permanently to the receptacle. [70, 2011]
Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure. Informational Note: The phrase “authority having jurisdiction,” or its acronym AHJ, is used in NFPA documents in a broad manner, since jurisdictions and approval agencies vary, as do their responsibilities. Where public safety is primary, the authority having jurisdiction may be a federal, state, local, or other regional department or individual such as a fire chief; fire marshal; chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor department, or health department; building official; electrical inspector; or others having statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau, or other insurance company representative may be the authority having jurisdiction. In many circumstances, the property owner or his or her designated agent assumes the role of the authority having jurisdiction; at government installations, the commanding officer or departmental official may be the authority having jurisdiction. Automatic. Performing a function without the necessity of human intervention.
Balaclava (Sock Hood); An arc-rated hood that protects the neck and head except for facial area of the eyes and nose.
Bare-Hand Work; A technique of performing work on energized electrical conductors or circuit parts, after the employee has been raised to the potential of the conductor or circuit part. Barricade. A physical obstruction such as tapes, cones, or A-frame-type wood or metal structures intended to provide a warning about and to limit access to a hazardous area.
Barrier; A physical obstruction that is intended to prevent contact with equipment or energized electrical conductors and circuit parts or to prevent unauthorized access to a work area.
Bonded (Bonding); Connected to establish electrical continuity and conductivity. [70, 2011]
Bonding Conductor or Jumper; A reliable conductor to ensure the required electrical conductivity between metal parts required to be electrically connected. [70, 2011]
Boundary, Arc Flash. When an arc flash hazard exists, an approach limit at a distance from a prospective arc source within which a person could receive a second degree burn if an electrical arc flash were to occur. Informational Note: A second degree burn is possible by an exposure of unprotected skin to an electric arc flash above the incident energy level of 5 J/cm2 (1.2 cal/cm2).
Boundary, Limited Approach. An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which a shock hazard exists.
Boundary, Prohibited Approach. An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which work is considered the same as making contact with the electrical conductor or circuit part.
Boundary, Restricted Approach. An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which there is an increased risk of shock, due to electrical arc-over combined with inadvertent movement, for personnel working in close proximity to the energized electrical conductor or circuit part.
Branch Circuit; The circuit conductors between the final overcurrent device protecting the circuit and the outlet(s). [70, 2011]
Building; A structure that stands alone or that is cut off from adjoining structures by fire walls with all openings therein protected by approved fire doors. [70, 2011]
Cabinet; An enclosure that is designed for either surface mounting or flush mounting and is provided with a frame, mat, or trim in which a swinging door or doors are or can be hung. [70, 2011]
Circuit Breaker; A device designed to open and close a circuit by nonautomatic means and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating. [70, 2011]
Informational Note: The automatic opening means can be integral, direct acting with the circuit breaker, or remote from the circuit breaker. [70, 2011]
Conductive; Suitable for carrying electric current.
Conductor; Bare. A conductor having no covering or electrical insulation whatsoever. [70, 2011]
Conductor; Covered. A conductor encased within material of composition or thickness that is not recognized by this Code as electrical insulation. [70, 2011]
Conductor; Insulated. A conductor encased within material of composition and thickness that is recognized by this Code as electrical insulation. [70, 2011]
Controller; A device or group of devices that serves to govern, in some predetermined manner, the electric power delivered to the apparatus to which it is connected. [70, 2011]
Current-Limiting Overcurrent Protective Device; A device that, when interrupting currents in its current-limiting range, reduces the current flowing in the faulted circuit to a magnitude substantially less than that obtainable in the same circuit if the device were replaced with a solid conductor having comparable impedance. Cutout. An assembly of a fuse support with either a fuseholder, fuse carrier, or disconnecting blade. The fuseholder or fuse carrier may include a conducting element (fuse link), or may act as the disconnecting blade by the inclusion of a nonfusible member.
De-energized; Free from any electrical connection to a source of potential difference and from electrical charge; not having a potential different from that of the earth. Device. A unit of an electrical system that carries or controls electric energy as its principal function. [70, 2011]
Disconnecting Means; A device, or group of devices, or other means by which the conductors of a circuit can be disconnected from their source of supply. [70, 2011]
Disconnecting; (or Isolating) Switch (Disconnector, Isolator); A mechanical switching device used for isolating a circuit or equipment from a source of power.
Dwelling Unit; A single unit, providing complete and independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, cooking, and sanitation. [70, 2011]
Electrical Hazard; A dangerous condition such that contact or equipment failure can result in electric shock, arc flash burn, thermal burn, or blast.
Informational Note: Class 2 power supplies, listed low voltage lighting systems, and similar sources are examples of circuits or systems that are not considered an electrical hazard. Electrical Safety. Recognizing hazards associated with the use of electrical energy and taking precautions so that hazards do not cause injury or death.
Electrically Safe Work Condition; A state in which an electrical conductor or circuit part has been disconnected from energized parts, locked/tagged in accordance with established standards, tested to ensure the absence of voltage, and grounded if determined necessary.
Enclosed; Surrounded by a case, housing, fence, or wall(s) that prevents persons from accidentally contacting energized parts. [70,2011]
Enclosure; The case or housing of apparatus, or the fence or walls surrounding an installation to prevent personnel from accidentally contacting energized parts or to protect the equipment from physical damage. [70, 2011]
Energized; Electrically connected to, or is, a source of voltage. [70,2011]
Equipment; A general term, including material, fittings, devices, appliances, luminaires, apparatus, machinery, and the like, used as a part of, or in connection with, an electrical installation. [70, 2011]
Exposed; (as applied to energized electrical conductors or circuit parts). Capable of being inadvertently touched or approached nearer than a safe distance by a person. It is applied to electrical conductors or circuit parts that are not suitably guarded, isolated, or insulated.
Exposed; (as applied to wiring methods). On or attached to the surface or behind panels designed to allow access. [70, 2011]
Fitting; An accessory such as a locknut, bushing, or other part of a wiring system that is intended primarily to perform a mechanical rather than an electrical function. [70, 2011]
Fuse; An overcurrent protective device with a circuit-opening fusible part that is heated and severed by the passage of overcurrent through it.
Informational Note: A fuse comprises all the parts that form a unit capable of performing the prescribed functions. It may or may not be the complete device necessary to connect it into an electrical circuit. Ground. The earth. [70, 2011]
Ground Fault; An unintentional, electrically conducting connection between an ungrounded conductor of an electrical circuit and the normally non–current-carrying conductors, metallic enclosures, metallic raceways, metallic equipment, or earth.
Grounded; (Grounding). Connected (connecting) to ground or to a conductive body that extends the ground connection. [70, 2011]
Grounded, Solidly. Connected to ground without inserting any resistor or impedance device. [70, 2011]
Grounded Conductor; A system or circuit conductor that is intentionally grounded. [70, 2011]
Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter; (GFCI). A device intended for the protection of personnel that functions to de-energize a circuit or portion thereof within an established period of time when a current to ground exceeds the values established for a Class A device. [70,2011]
Informational Note: Class A ground-fault circuit-interrupters trip when the current to ground is 6 mA or higher and do not trip when the current to ground is less than 4 mA. For further information, see ANSI/UL 943, Standard for Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters.
Grounding Conductor; Equipment (EGC). The conductive path installed to connect normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment together and to the system grounded conductor or to the grounding electrode conductor, or both. [70, 2011]
Informational Note No. 1: It is recognized that the equipment grounding conductor also performs bonding.
Informational Note No. 2: See NFPA 70, 250.118 for a list of acceptable equipment grounding conductors.
Grounding Electrode; A conducting object through which a direct connection to earth is established. [70, 2011]
Grounding Electrode Conducton; A conductor used to connect the system grounded conductor or the equipment to a grounding electrode or to a point on the grounding electrode system. [70, 2011]
Guarded; Covered, shielded, fenced, enclosed, or otherwise protected by means of suitable covers, casings, barriers, rails, screens, mats, or platforms to remove the likelihood of approach or contact by persons or objects to a point of danger. [70, 2011]
Incident Energy; The amount of energy impressed on a surface, a certain distance from the source, generated during an electrical arc event. One of the units used to measure incident energy is calories per centimeter squared (cal/cm2).
Incident Energy Analysis; A component of an arc flash hazard analysis used to predict the incident energy of an arc flash for a specified set of conditions.
Insulated; Separated from other conducting surfaces by a dielectric (including air space) offering a high resistance to the passage of current.
Informational Note: When an object is said to be insulated, it is understood to be insulated for the conditions to which it is normally subject. Otherwise, it is, within the purpose of these rules, uninsulated. Interrupter Switch. A switch capable of making, carrying, and interrupting specified currents. Interrupting Rating. The highest current at rated voltage that a device is identified to interrupt under standard test conditions. [70,2011]
Informational Note: Equipment intended to interrupt current at other than fault levels may have its interrupting rating implied in other ratings, such as horsepower or locked rotor current. Isolated (as applied to location). Not readily accessible to persons unless special means for access are used. [70, 2011]
Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner. Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services, and whose listing states that either the equipment, material, or service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose. Informational Note: The means for identifying listed equipment may vary for each organization concerned with product evaluation; some organizations do not recognize equipment as listed unless it is also labeled. The authority having jurisdiction should utilize the system employed by the listing organization to identify a listed product.
Luminaire; A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps, together with the parts designed to distribute the light, to position and protect the lamps and ballast (where applicable), and to connect the lamps to the power supply. It may also include parts to protect the light source or the ballast or to distribute the light. A lampholder is not a luminaire. [70, 2011] Motor Control Center. An assembly of one or more enclosed sections having a common power bus and principally containing motor control units. [70, 2011]
Outlet. A point on the wiring system at which current is taken to supply utilization equipment. [70, 2011] Overcurrent. Any current in excess of the rated current of equipment or the ampacity of a conductor. It may result from overload, short circuit, or ground fault. [70, 2011]
Informational Note: A current in excess of rating may be accommodated by certain equipment and conductors for a given set of conditions. Therefore, the rules for overcurrent protection are specific for particular situations.
Overload; Operation of equipment in excess of normal, full-load rating, or of a conductor in excess of rated ampacity that, when it persists for a sufficient length of time, would cause damage or dangerous overheating. A fault, such as a short circuit or ground fault, is not an overload. [70, 2011]
Panelboard; A single panel or group of panel units designed for assembly in the form of a single panel, including buses and automatic overcurrent devices, and equipped with or without switches for the control of light, heat, or power circuits; designed to be placed in a cabinet or cutout box placed in or against a wall, partition, or other support; and accessible only from the front. [70,2011]
Premises Wiring; (System). Interior and exterior wiring, including power, lighting, control, and signal circuit wiring together with all their associated hardware, fittings, and wiring devices, both permanently and temporarily installed. This includes: (a) wiring from the service point or power source to the outlets; or (b) wiring from and including the power source to the outlets where there is no service point. Such wiring does not include wiring internal to appliances, luminaires, motors, controllers, motor control centers, and similar equipment. [70, 2011]
Qualified Person; One who has skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of the electrical equipment and installations and has received safety training to recognize and avoid the hazards involved. [70, 2011]
Raceway; An enclosed channel of metal or nonmetallic materials designed expressly for holding wires, cables, or busbars, with additional functions as permitted in this standard. Raceways include, but are not limited to, rigid metal conduit, rigid nonmetallic conduit, intermediate metal conduit, liquidtight flexible conduit, flexible metallic tubing, flexible metal conduit, electrical metallic tubing, electrical nonmetallic tubing, underfloor raceways, cellular concrete floor raceways, cellular metal floor raceways, surface raceways, wireways, and busways. [70, 2011]
Receptacle. A receptacle is a contact device installed at the outlet for the connection of an attachment plug. A single receptacle is a single contact device with no other contact device on the same yoke. A multiple receptacle is two or more contact devices on the same yoke. [70, 2011]
Service Drop; The overhead conductors between the utility electric supply system and the service point. [70, 2011]
Service Lateral; The underground conductors between the utility electric supply system and the service point. [70, 2011]
Service Point; The point of connection between the facilities of the serving utility and the premises wiring. [70, 2011]
Shock Hazard; A dangerous condition associated with the possible release of energy caused by contact or approach to energized electrical conductors or circuit parts. Short-Circuit Current Rating. The prospective symmetrical fault current at a nominal voltage to which an apparatus or system is able to be connected without sustaining damage exceeding defined acceptance criteria. [70, 2011]
Single-Line Diagram; A diagram that shows, by means of single lines and graphic symbols, the course of an electric circuit or system of circuits and the component devices or parts used in the circuit or system. Special Permission. The written consent of the authority having jurisdiction. [70, 2011] Step Potential. A ground potential gradient difference that can cause current flow from foot to foot through the body.
Structure;That which is built or constructed. [70, 2011]
Switch, Isolating; A switch intended for isolating an electric circuit from the source of power. It has no interrupting rating, and it is intended to be operated only after the circuit has been opened by some other means. [70, 2011]
Switchboard; A large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels on which are mounted on the face, back, or both, switches, overcurrent and other protective devices, buses, and usually instruments. Switchboards are generally accessible from the rear as well as from the front and are not intended to be installed in cabinets. [70, 2011]
Switchgear, Arc-Resistant; Equipment designed to withstand the effects of an internal arcing fault and that directs the internally released energy away from the employee. Switchgear, Metal-Clad. A switchgear assembly completely enclosed on all sides and top with sheet metal, having drawout switching and interrupting devices, and all live parts enclosed within grounded metal compartments.
Switchgear, Metal-Enclosed; A switchgear assembly completely enclosed on all sides and top with sheet metal (except for ventilating openings and inspection windows), containing primary power circuit switching, interrupting devices, or both, with buses and connections. This assembly may include control and auxiliary devices. Access to the interior of the enclosure is provided by doors, removable covers, or both. Metal-enclosed switchgear is available in non-arc-resistant or arc-resistant constructions.
Switching Device; A device designed to close, open, or both, one or more electric circuits. Touch Potential. A ground potential gradient difference that can cause current flow from hand to hand, hand to foot, or another path, other than foot to foot, through the body.
Ungrounded; Not connected to ground or to a conductive body that extends the ground connection. [70, 2011] Unqualified Person. A person who is not a qualified person.
Utilization Equipment; Equipment that utilizes electric energy for electronic, electromechanical, chemical, heating, lighting, or similar purposes. [70, 2011] Ventilated. Provided with a means to permit circulation of air sufficient to remove an excess of heat, fumes, or vapors. [70, 2011]
Voltage (of a Circuit); The greatest root-mean-square (rms) (effective) difference of potential between any two conductors of the circuit concerned. [70, 2011] Informational Note: Some systems, such as three-phase 4-wire, single-phase 3-wire, and 3-wire direct-current, may have various circuits of various voltages.
Voltage, Nominal; A nominal value assigned to a circuit or system for the purpose of conveniently designating its voltage class (e.g., 120/240 volts, 480Y/277 volts, 600 volts). The actual voltage at which a circuit operates can vary from the nominal within a range that permits satisfactory operation of equipment. [70, 2011]
Informational Note: See ANSI/IEEE C84.1-2006, Electric Power Systems and Equipment — Voltage Ratings (60 Hz).
Working On (energized electrical conductors or circuit parts). Intentionally coming in contact with energized electrical conductors or circuit parts with the hands, feet, or other body parts, with tools, probes, or with test equipment, regardless of the personal protective equipment a person is wearing. There are two categories of “working on”: Diagnostic (testing) is taking readings or measurements of electrical equipment with approved test equipment that does not require making any physical change to the equipment; repair is any physical alteration of electrical equipment (such as making or tightening connections, removing or replacing components, etc.).
ARTICLE 105 Application of Safety-Related Work Practices 105.1 Scope. Chapter 1 covers electrical safety-related work practices and procedures for employees who are exposed to an electrical hazard in workplaces covered in the scope of this standard.
105.2 Purpose. These practices and procedures are intended to provide for employee safety relative to electrical hazards in the workplace.
Informational Note: For general categories of electrical hazards, see Annex K. 105.3 Responsibility. The employer shall provide the safety-related work practices and shall train the employee, who shall then implement them.
105.4 Organization. Chapter 1 of this standard is divided into five articles. Article 100provides definitions for terms used in one or more of the chapters of this document. Article 105 provides for application of safety-related work practices. Article 110 provides general requirements for electrical safety-related work practices. Article 120 provides requirements for establishing an electrically safe work condition. Article 130 provides requirements for work involving electrical hazards.
ARTICLE 110 General Requirements for Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices 110.1 Relationships with Contractors (Outside Service Personnel, and So Forth). (A) Host Employer Responsibilities. (1) The host employer shall inform contract employers of the following: a. Known hazards that are covered by this standard, that are related to the contract employer’s work, and that might not be recognized by the contract employer or its employees b. Information about the employer’s installation that the contract employer needs to make the assessments required by Chapter 1 (2) The host employer shall report observed contract employer–related violations of this standard to the contract employer. (B) Contract Employer Responsibilities. (1) The contract employer shall ensure that each of his or her employees is instructed in the hazards communicated to the contract employer by the host employer. This instruction shall be in addition to the basic training required by this standard. (2) The contract employer shall ensure that each of his or her employees follows the work practices required by this standard and safety-related work rules required.